中國基督教史
你看一看。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2
主条目：中國基督教
“基督教”在中国有广义和狭义两个概念。广义指包括东正教、天主教、新教在内的，以基督耶稣为救主的宗教。狭义则指新教，或曰更正教、反对教等。本词条指的是广义的基督教。基督教的传统认为多马（“印度使徒”）或巴多罗买是最早将基督福音带到中国的人。而有确切历史记载的是公元635年，唐朝初年，唐太宗贞观九年，基督教初次来到中国。
目录
[隐藏]
伯驾（Peter Parker，1804年－1888年），是美国早期第一位来华医疗传教士。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E9%A9%BE
伯驾（Peter Parker，1804年－1888年），是美国早期第一位来华医疗传教士。
伯驾于1831年在耶鲁大学获得大學学位，并于1834年从耶鲁医学院获得其博士学位，随后进入神学院并得到去往中国传教的委派。 由于他卓越的医疗技术，伯驾成为的第一位在华专职医疗传教士。因为广州十三行不允许外国人学习中文，他先去新加坡学习了一段时间中文，然后于1835年11月份再度返回广州。他先在外国人驻地开了一间药房，开始为中国病人看病，他主治的大部分是眼疾病。后来他的药房扩展而成一家眼科医院-博济医院，这家医院发展变成了今天著名的广州眼科医院。1840年，第一次鸦片战争爆发，伯驾关闭了博济医院回到了美国，两年后他再一次回到中国，重开博济医院，并且增加了医院人手和扩大了规模。伯驾将西方医疗技术带到了中国，他被誉为“用柳叶刀（即手术刀）传福音”。鸦片战争时期曾参与《望厦条约》的谈判，后担任过美国驻华公使。。。
Peter Parker (June 18, 1804 – January 10, 1888) was an American physician and a missionary who introduced Western medical techniques into Qing Dynasty China. It was said that Parker "opened
China to the gospel at the point of a lancet."
Early life[edit]
Parker was born in Framingham, Massachusetts in 1804 to an orthodox Congregational family. His parents were farmers. Parker received a B.A. degree from Yale University in 1831, and his M.D. degree from the Yale Medical School, then called Medical Institution of Yale College, in 1834. In January 1834, he completed his theological studies at Yale and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister.[1]
Dr. Peter Parker, photograph by Mathew Brady
China[edit]
In February 1834, Parker traveled to Canton, where he had the distinction of being the first full-time Protestant medical missionary to China. In 1835, he opened in that city the Ophthalmic Hospital, which later became the Guangzhou Boji Hospital (the Canton Hospital). Parker specialized in diseases of the eye, including cataracts, and also resected tumors. Parker also introduced Western anesthesia in the form of sulphuric ether.
Although the hospital was intended particularly for the treatment of eye diseases, it was soon found impracticable to exclude patients suffering from other maladies. Over 2,000 patients were admitted the first year. Parker often preached to the patients, and trained several Chinese students in the arts of medicine and surgery, some of whom attained considerable skill.[2]
Merchant David Olyphant of Olyphant & Co. allowed Parker to use one of his warehouses as a hospital "so that patients could come and go without annoying foreigners by passing through their hongs, or excite the observations of natives by being seen to resort to a foreigner's house, rendered it most suitable for the purpose."[3]
In 1840, on the occurrence of hostilities between England and China, the hospital was closed, and Parker returned to the United States. Returning to China in 1842, he reopened the hospital, and it was thronged as before.[2] He served as president of the Medical Missionary Society of China after his mentor Thomas Richardson Colledge.
In 1844, Parker worked as Caleb Cushing's main interpreter during the negotiations of the Treaty of Wanghia with the Qing Empire. In 1845 he became a secretary and interpreter to the new embassy from the United States, still keeping the hospital in operation. In the absence of the minister, Parker acted as chargé d'affaires. In 1855, finding his health seriously impaired, he again returned to the United States.[2]
The 1844 treaty stipulated that it could be renegotiated after 12 years, and in 1856, president Franklin Pierce sent Parker to China in order to revise the treaty and gain more concessions from the Qing Empire. Parker was unsuccessful in this endeavor. He worked in this capacity until Pierce left office. In 1857, his health again failing, he returned to the United States.[2]
Parker's former residence in Washington, D.C.
Lam Qua portraits[edit]
While in China, Parker met Lam Qua, a Western-trained Chinese painter. Parker commissioned Lam Qua to paint patients at the Canton Hospital with large tumors or other major deformities. Some of the paintings are part of a collection of Lam Qua's work held by the Peter Parker Collection[4] at the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University. Parker left these portraits to the Pathology Department of the Yale Medical School, which later gave them to the Library.
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário